Knowledge and uptake of towards tetanus toxoid vaccination among female students at Hadhramout University, Yemen

Abstract

Background: Maternal and neonatal tetanus remains a significant public health challenge in Yemen. While vaccinating women of childbearing age is crucial for eliminating the disease, tetanus vaccination uptake remains low in Yemen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and uptake of tetanus toxoid vaccination among female students at Hadhramout University, Yemen.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across seven faculties from January 1 to June 30, 2025. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select the students. Data were collected through structured interviews using a pre- tested questionnaire.

Results: The study enrolled 384 female students (mean age: 23.02 ± 1.5 years). Although 83.6% were aware of the vaccine and 63.8% had a moderate level of knowledge, actual uptake was low. Only 45.6% had received at least one dose, and only 10.4% had completed the recommended five-dose schedule. The primary barriers to vaccination were vaccine unavailability (39.2%), lack of awareness regarding its importance (25.4%), and fear of side effects (20.1%).

Conclusion: Despite moderate awareness, tetanus toxoid vaccination uptake among female university students is critically low. The high percentage of unvaccinated students highlights an urgent need for targeted education campaigns to address barriers and emphasize vaccine importance, aligning with World Health Organization recommendations for women of reproductive age.